Main etiological agents of childhood acute diarrheal diseases in Chimborazo, Ecuador / Principales agentes etiológicos de las enfermedades diarreicas agudas infantiles en Chimborazo, Ecuador

Las enfermedades diarreicas constituyen la principal causa de morbimortalidad en niños menores de cinco años, con alrededor de 1.700 millones de casos y 1,5 millones de muertes por año a nivel mundial. Para el año 2010, en la Sierra de Ecuador se registró un alto porcentaje de infantes fallecidos a causa de enfermedades diarreicas agudas (EDA), incluyendo la provincia de Chimborazo; mientras que, para el año 2016, se registraron en Ecuador 590.523 casos de EDA, siendo más afectados los niños de sectores de mayor pobreza. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en pacientes pediátricos con episodios diarreicos que acudieron a centros de salud de los cantones rurales de la provincia Chimborazo. Se realizó análisis coprológico y coproparasitológico en 258 muestras; se identificaron bacterias enteropatógenas mediante pruebas bioquímicas y de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana, se realizó diagnóstico parasitológico mediante análisis macroscópico y microscópico y para detección de virus se emplearon pruebas inmunológicas. Se observó un mayor número de casos de EDA en los cantones Alausí (50%) y Chunchi (19%). De los pacientes con EDA, los rotavirus son el principal agente etiológico aislado (24,8%), seguido por Shigella (17,8%); mientras que Giardia intestinalis (8,5%) y Salmonella (10,1%) son los microorganismos que se aislaron con menor frecuencia en las muestras. Los resultados del presente estudio, permiten tener un panorama etiológico de las EDA en la provincia de Chimborazo y contribuir en la vigilancia epidemiológica, ejecución de programas sanitarios y de vacunación, para disminuir la vulnerabilidad de la población infantil ante dichas infecciones(AU)

Diarrheal diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age, with around 1.7 billion cases and 1.5 million deaths per year worldwide. For the year 2010, in the Sierra de Ecuador a high percentage of infants died due to acute diarrheal diseases (ADD), including the province of Chimborazo; while, for the year 2016, 590,523 cases of ADD were registered in Ecuador, with children from the poorest sectors being more affected. A descriptive study was carried out in pediatric patients with diarrheal episodes who attended health centers in the rural cantons of Chimborazo province. Coprological and coproparasitological analysis was performed on 258 samples; Enteropathogenic bacteria were identified by biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility tests, a parasitological diagnosis was made by macroscopic and microscopic analysis, and immunological tests were used to detect viruses. A greater number of ADD cases was observed in the Alausí (50%) and Chunchi (19%) cantons. Of patients with ADD, rotaviruses are the main etiological agent isolated (24.8%), followed by Shigella (17.8%); while Giardia intestinalis (8.5%) and Salmonella (10.1%) are the microorganisms that were isolated less frequently in the samples. The results of this study allow us to have an etiological panorama of EDA in the province of Chimborazo and contribute to epidemiological surveillance, execution of health and vaccination programs, to reduce the vulnerability of the child population to these infections(AU)

Hermeneutical Analysis of the Determinants of Obesity using Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps

Obesity is a chronic, non-contagious disease to which attention has been paid worldwide at all times, but current studies are focused on childhood and adolescent obesity after the Covid-19 pandemic. The reason lies in the fact that the younger the child, the greater the risk of developing complications during his life. That is why it is established as a problem to be analyzed from various points of view. Consequently, this study aims to develop a causal analysis of the determinants of childhood and adolescent obesity in post-COVID-19 Ecuador using Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps from a hermeneutical point of view. The authors consider as an idea to defend that by analyzing the determining factors of childhood and adolescent obesity after the influence of Covid-19, it will be possible to strengthen the coordination and articulation mechanisms of the State, which allow the development of strategic actions to prevent overweight and obesity in the population. To achieve this, a referential framework for child-adolescent obesity was established, a working procedure was elaborated combining the hermeneutical method with neutrosophic cognitive maps for the causal analysis, and conclusions were issued where strategies were established according to the observed patterns and world trends in the face of the phenomenon that allow the development of strategic actions to prevent overweight and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Neutrosophic Sets & Systems is the property of Neutrosophic Sets & Systems and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)